Guitar Effects Pedals - An Introduction and Buying Guide

Effects pedals for the guitar have been around since the 1960s, when electric guitar based music and rock 'n' roll were on the rise. Roger Mayer, an engineer, is believed to have created the first guitar effects pedals, which were the "fuzz box" (today known as distortion or overdrive) and the "wah-wah" pedal. Mayer created pedals that were used by the likes of legendary rockers Jeff Beck, Jimi Hendrix, and Jimmy Page (for whom Mayer, his friend, reportedly created the first pedal in 1963 or 1964). Today, numerous effects are widely used by electric guitar players.

Effects pedals are used to give the guitarist more tonal colors or, that is, an expansion of timbre on his instrument's palette. It's possible to use an amplifier's settings to create these different tonal colors, too, but the amplifier is limited to what effects it can give, plus its settings would have to be changed only between songs, whereas guitar players frequently want to change tonality and color in the midst of playing a single song, and often many times over. Just as the invention of the electric guitar and the amplifier gave the guitar player a far more powerful voice and greater sustainability of notes, so the effects pedals gave him a far wider range of expressive options.

Today, even some acoustic guitar players and classical guitar players use effects pedals although the distortion and volume pedals used by electric guitar players aren't usually part of their tonal palette. Since the first pedals were created, other guitar effects called rack mounted effects have been invented. These are widely used, too, but they require a more sophisticated and time-consuming approach (not to mention considerably more money) than the simple pedals. Rack mounted effects are triggered by pedals, anyway.

So with their pedalboards in front of them, electric guitar players have only to "stomp" a "box" (hence the name stompbox) to instantly switch on or switch off an effect. The wah-wah pedal is a little different than the others, as we'll see below. For instance, the ubiquitous distortion tone of hard rock and metal guitar players can be instantly switched off and the guitar's "clean channel" allowed to be played, to give a different feel to different sections of a song. Another simple stomp, and the distorted tone comes roaring back.

Guitar players go through a great deal of effort to tweak the settings on their guitar, their amps, and their configuration of effects pedals to get their "just right" or signature sound. What are their basic effects pedal choices today?

1) Distortion/Overdrive. The most widely used guitar effect in the world. Of course, this one is often left on for most or all of a rock song. This is the famous (or infamous to many people) sound of heavy metal. Metal guitarists typically use a type of overdrive called distortion, which can distort their tone even more than standard overdrive pedals. Distortion works by adding in tons of overtones to the actual note played. Popular distortion & overdrive pedals included offerings from Fulltone (such as the OCD or Fulldrive), Boss (DS-1, BD-2), and Ibanez Tubescreamers and their host of clones. Distortion and overdrive pedals are without a doubt the most popular type of pedal, so it would be impossible to list them all.

2) Volume and "wah-wah" pedals. Hendrix probably did the most to pioneer the wah-wah pedal. Unlike other effects pedals, this pedal is used by way of keeping your foot on it and applying more or less pressure. A volume pedal, while operated in the same way as a wah pedal, allows a guitarist to rapidly sweep the volume of his instrument from full to completley silent. This is the pedal that is used to create an electric guitar's "violin sound", such as on the first part of Rush's "Xanadu." The wah pedal creates the "chugga-chugga" and "crying baby" sound (like Stevie Ray Vaughan's or Hendrix' intro and outro to "Voodoo Chile"). Popular wah pedals included the Dunlop Crybaby, the Vox Reissue Wah, the Teese Wizard Wah, and the Fulltone Clyde Wah. The Ernie Ball volume pedal is popular, as are models by Visual Sound and Boss.

3) Compression. Basically speaking the compressor pedal is used to make soft notes louder and loud notes softer. This is often used in conjunction with distortion/overdrive to help balance out the guitar player's sound and give him consistency. Popular compression pedals included the Keeley Compressor, the MXR Dyna-Comp, and the Boss CS-3.

4) Chorus. The chorus pedal is popular among guitar players who need or want to create a "spacious" sound. Like distortion, chorus adds overtones to the note played, but they are more widely spaced out and they are on a very slight delay, meaning they sound very, very slightly after the original note. Chorus and distortion can be used together to give a guitarist a gargantuan sound, or chorus can be used to make a clean channel sound feel richer and fuller. Popular chorus pedals include the Boss CE-3 and Visual Sound H20.

5) Flangers. Flangers are offshoots of the chorus pedal. With the flanger, the guitarist picks one note, but two of them sound; except, the second note sounds on a very, very slight delay. Flangers are used to create deep resonance in a guitar player's sound, but some guitarists insist that if you use a chorus you don't need a flanger. The Boss BF-3 is a popular flanger pedal, as is the Fulltone Choralflange.

6) Phasers. Another take-off of the chorus, the phaser pedal is used similarly to a flanger, but it gives a different sound because it doesn't harmonically relate the two notes. Instead, it takes the original notes and puts it "out of phase" as a second, additional note, meaning that it's mathematically shifted across the frequency spectrum. Phasers can give "other-world" effects or make distortion that much more mind-boggling. The MXR Phase 90 is a very popular phaser pedal, as are the Red Witch Deluxe Phaser and the Electro-Harmonix Small Stone Phase Shifter.

7) Delay. Delay pedals are used to give a very prominent echo-effect. They, too, operate like a flanger, except the delayed signal is substantially more delayed, perhaps even by a full second or two. Popular delay pedals include the Line 6 DL-4, the Boss DD-3 and the Visual Sound H20.

8) Pitch shifters. Also known as Harmonizers or Octave pedals. These produce overtones that are one, two, or three octaves above the original note, or they can be changed to produce harmonic notes at specified intervals. These can give the effect of the guitar player accompanying himself. The Boss PS-3 is a popular pitch shifter pedal, as is their OC3 Octave pedal.

9) Tremolo. This gives an effect like very rapidly turning the guitar's volume control up and down. It's not the same as "vibrato", which as an effect is typically created using the "whammy bar" on the guitar. Popular tremolo pedals include the Fulltone Supa Trem, the T-Rex Tremster, and the Boss TR-2.

10) Vibrato. This is usually accomplished with a "whammy bar" on the guitar itself, which was made famous by Hendrix and Ritchie Blackmore. However, there are pedals for this, too. This is used to give some very dynamic effects, from an exaggeration of a bent note to a squeal to a "dive bomber" effect. Rather than a very rapid change in volume, it produces a very rapid change in pitch. Popular vibe pedals include the Fulltone Mini-Deja Vibe and the Voodoo Lab Micro Vibe.

So if you are a developing electric guitar player who wants to explore new sonic landscapes, check out these guitar effects pedals.
R. S. Rasnick is the owner of JustEffectsPedals.com, where you can find all the effects pedals mentioned in this article and hundreds more! Visit JustEffectsPedals.com today!

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A Beginer's Guide To Guitar Effects Pedals

We're going to try to give a quick look at the major types of guitar effects pedals. Here in part 1 we'll cover the basics.

We know that there are a million web sites offering insight to this topic, but its been our experience that they're written by engineers, not musicians... they read like microwave manuals rather than a helpful resource... Anyway... off we go.

Boost

I can't really milk more than a few lines out of this topic. It's pretty cut and dry- a boost pedal will give your signal a volume boost - or cut, depending on how you've got it set. Most boost pedals act as a master volume control allowing you a pretty wide range of use.

Why do I need a boost pedal? To bring your guitar volume up over the rest of the band during a solo, to drive your amp harder by feeding it a hotter signal, to have a set volume change at the press of a button.

Overdrive

When most guitarists talk about overdrive, they are referring to the smooth 'distortion' produced by their tube amps when driven to the point of breaking up. Overdrive pedals are designed to either replicate this tone (with limited success) or drive a tube amp into overdrive, creating those screaming tubes beyond what they normally would be able to do without wall shaking volume.

Why do I need an overdrive pedal? Overdrive pedals can be used as a boost pedal- so you get those inherent benefits, you'll get some added girth to your tone from the distortion created by the pedal. Most overdrive pedals have tone control giving you wider tone shaping possibilities.

Distortion

Based on our above definition of overdrive, distortion is where overdrive leaves off. In the rock guitar world think Van Halen and beyond for a clear example of distorted guitar tone. Distortion pedals often emulate high gain amps that create thick walls of sound small tube amps are not capable of creating. If you're fortunate enough to have a large Marshall, Mesa Boogie, Diezel or other monster amplifier to create your distortion you might not need a distortion pedal. But for the rest of us mere mortals, distortion pedals are crucial to modern guitar tone.

Why do I need a distortion pedal? You want to be relevant don't you? Even with large amps, like those mentioned above, distortion pedals play a key role in modern music. They offer flexibility that boosts and overdrives can not rival.

Fuzz

God bless Ike Turner and the Kinks. Both acts achieved their landmark tones by using abused speaker cabinets. Ike dropped his on the street walking in to Sun Records to record Rocket 88, the Kinks cut their speakers with knives or so the legends have it. No matter how they got it, their tone changed the world. Some call it distortion, some call it fuzz, however, seeing the progression from these damaged speakers to the fuzz boxes built to emulate those tones, I think its safest to call what Turner and Davies created/stumbled upon was fuzz.

Why do I need a fuzz pedal? Ya like Hendrix, don't ya? In all honesty, the fuzz pedal is seeing resurgence in popular music these days. Bands like Nine Inch Nails, Marilyn Manson, Muse and the White Stripes rely heavily on classic designs on recent releases.

Compressor

The job of a compressor is to deliver an even volume output. It makes the soft parts louder, and the loud parts softer. Current country music guitar tone is driven by the use of compression.

Why do you need a compressor? Improved sustain, increased clarity during low volume playing.

Modulation


Flanger

The earliest "flanger" effects were produced in the studio by playing 2 tape decks, both playing the same sounds, while an engineer would slow down or speed up the playback of one of the dupe signals. This is how you could produce wooshing jet streams. The edge of the old school tape reels is called the flange.

Why do I need a flanger? A flanger will offer a new color to your tonal palette. You can live with out one, but you'll never get some of the nuance coloring of the Van Halen's, Pink Floyd's, or Rush's of the world.

Phase shifter

The phase shifter bridges the gap between Flanger and Chorus. Early phasers were meant to recreate the spinning speaker of a Leslie. Phase shifting's over use can be heard all over the first few Van Halen albums.

Why do I need a phase shifter? See Flangers answer.

Chorus

Chorus pedals split your signal in 2, modulates one of them by slowing it down and detuning it, then mixes it back in with the original signal. The effect is supposed to sound like several guitarists playing the same thing at the same time, resulting in a wide swelling sound, but I don't hear it. You do get a thicker more lush tone, but it doesn't sound like a chorus of players to me.

Why do I need a chorus? Because Andy Summers uses one, and Paul Raven says so... that should be good enough.

Tremolo

As a kid, did you ever play with the volume knob on the TV or the radio manically turning it up and down? Yeah? Well you were a tremolo effect.

Why do I need a tremolo pedal? 6 words for ya: The Smiths 'How Soon Is Now'

Delay

A delay pedal creates a copy of an incoming signal and slightly time-delays its replay. You can use it to create a "slap back" (single repetition) or an echo (multiple repetitions) effect. Who amongst us can't appreciate The Edges use of digital and analog delay throughout U2s career?

Why do I need a delay pedal? See Flangers answer.

Wah

A variable band-pass frequency filter... Screw all that- you know what a wah wah is... its porn music! It's Hendrix! It's Hammett. It's Wylde. It's Slash.

Why do I need a wah wah pedal? Do you really have to ask at this point?
Dennis Mollan is the founder of Pro Tone Pedals. With 20 years experience as a practicing guitarist coupled with his formal education in music theory and audio engineering Dennis has become a noted resource in all things rock guitar related. Pro Tone Pedals was founded in 2004 to provide hand built high quality guitar effects to modern hard rock players. In the four years following, the Dallas Texas based company has had the opportunity to work with some of the biggest names in modern rock music. Pro Tone Pedals have been on tour and in the studio with Velvet Revolver, Alice In Chains, Camp Freddy, Flickerstick, Ministry, Prong, Warrant, Poison, Overkill, Fear Factory, and the Cult.
Website: http://www.ProTonePedals.com
Blog http://blog.ProTonePedals.com
Myspace: http://myspace.com/protonepedals

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